|
Civilian
and military participants in the Fuerzas Aliadas / Fuerzas Unidas Peacekeeping
Operation (PKO) series of exercises learn skills relevant to United Nations-style
peacekeeping missions. The exercises use scenarios in fictitious countries
to simulate how armed forces, international organizations like the United
Nations, non-governmental organizations like the Red Cross, or other interested
groups should interact in peace operations. The exercises' goal is to
increase regional and multinational cooperation in peacekeeping. When
the exercise takes place in Central America or the Caribbean, it is called
Fuerzas Aliadas (Allied Forces); in South America it goes by the name
Fuerzas Unidas (United Forces).
Fuerzas
Unidas Overview 2001-2002 10
| Peace
Keeping Operation (PKO) |
|
|
|
|
|
Location |
Exercise Type |
Date |
Executive Agent |
Countries Participating |
| PKO South 2002 |
Uruguay |
Seminar** |
6-10 May |
USARSO* |
10 |
| PKO North 2002 |
El Salvador (T) |
CPX*** |
18-28 Jun |
USARSO* |
22 |
| PKO South 2001 |
Ecuador |
CPX*** |
18-29 Jun |
USARSO* |
10 |
| PKO North 2001 |
Barbados |
Seminar** |
27-31 Aug |
USARSO* |
22 |
*US Army South (USARSO)
** Foreign
Military Interaction Seminar. Participants
in seminars learn and exchange skills through lectures and classroom-style
discussion.
*** Foreign Military Interaction Command Post Exercise (FMI CPX).
A "Command
Post Exercise," which often relies on a computer simulation, guides
decisionmakers through a hypothetical scenario. A CPX normally takes place
in one central location, such as a military headquarters.
Fuerzas
Unidas 2002 - El Salvador11
| PKO
North 2002, June 18-28 2002 |
| Exercise
Concept |
- CJCS-directed,
SOUTHCOM-sponsored, Multi-national seminar
- USARSO
is the executive agent
- Emphasis
on multinational and regional cooperation
- Training
Audience is Field Grade Officers and Civilian Equivalents (80/20
military/civilian mix)
|
| Funding |
- O&M $1,375,000
- DCCEP $380,000
- TCA $162,000
- Total $1,917,000
|
| Implemented
by |
U.S.
Army South (USARSO) |
| Location |
El
Salvador |
| Participating
Nations and Organizations |
Antigua
and Barbuda (10), Bahamas (10), Barbados (120), Belize (20), Dominica
(10), Domincan Republic (20), El Salvador (147), Grenada (10), Guatemala
(20), Guyana (10), Honduras (20), Jamaica (5), Nicaragua (20), St.
Kitts & Nevis (7), St. Lucia (7), St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(7), Suriname (7), Trinidad and Tobago (7), United States (145),
IADB (2), ICRC (1), NGO (6), OAS (2), RSS (1), United Nations (20)
|
Fuerzas
Unidas 2000 - Honduras1
| PKO
North 2000, August 14-25, 2000 |
| Exercise
type |
Foreign
Military Interaction Seminar.
"Foreign
Military Interaction" or "multinational" exercises
are carried out jointly with other militaries, normally several
at a time.
Participants
in seminars learn and exchange skills through lectures and classroom-style
discussion.
|
| Mission |
Training
in multinational peacekeeping operations. "Mission essential
tasks" include:
- Collect
information on theater strategic situation
- Communicate
strategic and operational decisions and information
- Provide
strategic direction to theater forces
- Conduct
joint after action reporting
- Foster
alliance and regional relations and security arrangements
- Support
peace operations in theater
- Establish
bilateral or multinational arrangements
- Obtain
multinational support against nonmilitary threats
- Coordinate
and integrate regional interagency activities
|
| Implemented
by |
U.S.
Army South (USARSO) |
| Location |
Honduras |
| Participating
militaries |
U.S.
and at least 100 from Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago |
Fuerzas
Unidas 2000 - Chile2
| PKO
South 2000, June 26-30, 2000 |
| Exercise
type |
Foreign
Military Interaction Seminar
"Foreign
Military Interaction" or "multinational" exercises
are carried out jointly with other militaries, normally several
at a time.
Participants
in seminars learn and exchange skills through lectures and classroom-style
discussion.
|
| Mission |
Training
in multinational peacekeeping operations. "Mission essential
tasks" include:
- Collect
information on theater strategic situation
- Communicate
strategic and operational decisions and information
- Provide
strategic direction to theater forces
- Conduct
joint after action reporting
- Foster
alliance and regional relations and security arrangements
- Support
peace operations in theater
- Establish
bilateral or multinational arrangements
- Obtain
multinational support against nonmilitary threats
- Coordinate
and integrate regional interagency activities
|
| Implemented
by |
U.S.
Army South (USARSO) |
| Location |
Chile |
| Participating
militaries |
U.S.
and at least 88 from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, United Nations, Uruguay and Venezuela |
Fuerzas
Unidas 1999 - Bolivia3
| Fuerzas
Unidas Peacekeeping South 99, May 18-28, 1999 |
| Exercise
type |
Foreign
Military Interaction Command Post Exercise (FMI CPX).
"Foreign
Military Interaction" or "multinational" exercises
are carried out jointly with other militaries, normally several
at a time.
A
"Command Post Exercise," which often relies on a computer
simulation, guides decisionmakers through a hypothetical scenario.
A CPX normally takes place in one central location, such as a military
headquarters.
|
| Mission |
Training
in multinational peacekeeping operations. |
| Implemented
by |
U.S.
Army South (USARSO) |
| Location |
Bolivia |
| Participating
militaries |
490
from U.S., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
Venezuela |
Fuerzas
Unidas 1999 - Jamaica4
| Fuerzas
Unidas Peacekeeping North 99 Seminar, August 24-27, 1999 |
| Exercise
type |
Foreign
Military Interaction Seminar
"Foreign
Military Interaction" or "multinational" exercises
are carried out jointly with other militaries, normally several
at a time.
Participants
in seminars learn and exchange skills through lectures and classroom-style
discussion.
|
| Mission |
Training
in multinational peacekeeping operations. |
| Implemented
by |
U.S.
Army South (USARSO) |
| Location |
Jamaica |
| Participating
militaries |
Antigua
and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua,
St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad
and Tobago |
Fuerzas
Unidas 1998 - Paraguay5
| Fuerzas
Unidas Southam Peacekeeping 98, July 14-24, 1998 |
| Exercise
type |
Foreign
Military Interaction Command Post Exercise (FMI CPX).
"Foreign
Military Interaction" or "multinational" exercises
are carried out jointly with other militaries, normally several
at a time.
A
"Command Post Exercise," which often relies on a computer
simulation, guides decisionmakers through a hypothetical scenario.
A CPX normally takes place in one central location, such as a military
headquarters.
|
| Mission |
Training
in multinational peacekeeping operations. |
| Implemented
by |
U.S.
Army South (USARSO) |
| Location |
Paraguay |
| Participating
militaries |
U.S.
(141), Argentina (17), Bolivia (18), Brazil (17), Chile (17), Paraguay
(185), Uruguay (20) |
Fuerzas
Aliadas 1998 - Guatemala6
| Fuerzas
Aliadas Peacekeeping 98, May 4-15, 1998 |
| Exercise
type |
Foreign
Military Interaction Command Post Exercise (FMI CPX).
"Foreign
Military Interaction" or "multinational" exercises
are carried out jointly with other militaries, normally several
at a time.
A
"Command Post Exercise," which often relies on a computer
simulation, guides decisionmakers through a hypothetical scenario.
A CPX normally takes place in one central location, such as a military
headquarters.
|
| Mission |
Training
in multinational peacekeeping operations. |
| Implemented
by |
U.S.
Army South (USARSO) |
| Location |
Guatemala |
| Participating
militaries |
U.S.,
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica,
Nicaragua, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines,
Trinidad and Tobago |
Fuerzas
Unidas 1997 - South America7
| Fuerzas
Unidas Southam Peacekeeping 97 |
| Country |
Brazil |
| Participating
Countries |
U.S.,
Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay |
| Purpose |
Peacekeeping |
| Date |
August
1997 |
Fuerzas
Aliadas 1997 - El Salvador8
| Fuerzas
Aliadas Peacekeeping 97 |
| Country |
El
Salvador |
| Participating
Countries |
Belize,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the United States |
| Purpose |
Training
in peacekeeping operations. |
| Date |
May
1997 |
Fuerzas
Aliadas 1996 - Honduras9
Description:
Fuerzas Aliadas Peacekeeping '96 was a "combined-joint regional
command post exercise (CPX)" sponsored by the U.S. Southern Command
(Southcom) and coordinated by Joint Task Force-Bravo,
the Southcom component based at Soto Cano Air Base in Honduras. The exercise,
which lasted from May 15-30, 1996, was held in Honduras. Participants
included the armed forces of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize,
and the United States. Exercise participants received training on desktop
computer simulation equipment, which they used to work through a fictional
scenario involving a hypothetical UN-sponsored peacekeeping operation.
A seminar on international human-rights concerns was also part of the
operation. A total of 249 participants were expected, including 184 military
service members and 65 support personnel.
Goal:
As described by the Pentagon's Public Affairs Guidance on this exercise,
its goals included:
- To familiarize
the participating forces with all issues and decision-making processes
specific to peacekeeping operations; and
- To focus
on multinational military training, issues specific to peacekeeping
operations, encouragement of regional dialogue on peacekeeping, and
promotion of regional security and interoperability of forces.
| Country |
Number
of Service Members |
| Belize |
16 |
| El
Salvador |
19 |
| Guatemala |
27 |
| Honduras |
48 |
| United
States |
74 |
| Total |
184 |
| Country |
Number
of Support Personnel |
| |
Joint
Visitors Bureau |
Joint
Information Bureau |
| Belize |
0 |
1 |
| El
Salvador |
0 |
1 |
| Guatemala |
0 |
1 |
| Honduras |
0 |
11 |
| United
States |
39 |
12 |
| Total |
39 |
26 |
Outcome:
"The exercise allowed the participating Central American
countries to interact and strengthened military relationships. Regional
cooperative security was enhanced throughout the exercise, and participating
countries gained the skills necessary to participate in future United
Nations peacekeeping operations."
Costs:
$225,000 was budgeted for this exercise.
Sources:
1
United States, Department of Defense, U.S. Southern Command, "PKO
North 00 (Honduras) Exercise Summary," Slideshow document, October
12, 1999.
2
United States, Department of Defense, U.S. Southern Command, "PKO
SOUTH 00 (Chile) seminar," Slideshow document, January 3, 2000.
3
United States, Department of Defense, U.S. Southern Command, "FU
PKO SOUTHAM 99 Exercise Summary," Slideshow document, May 5, 1998.
4
United States, Department of Defense, U.S. Southern Command, "FA
PKO 99 Exercise Summary," Slideshow document, May 28, 1998.
5
United States, Department of Defense, U.S. Southern Command, "FU
PKO SOUTHAM 99 Exercise Summary," Slideshow document, April 23, 1998.
6
United States, Department of Defense, U.S. Southern Command, "FA
PKO 98 CENTAM Exercise Summary," Slideshow document, March 25, 1998.
7
United States Southern Command, Operations Directorate (J3) Exercise
Overview, (U.S. Southern Command: May 21, 1997).
8
United States Southern Command, Operations Directorate (J3) Exercise
Overview.
9
United States, Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary
of Defense, Public Affairs, Proposed Public Affairs Guidances (Washington:
Department of Defense, 1996).
10
United States, Department of Defense, U.S. Southern Command, "Peacekeeping
Summary," Slideshow document, July 2002.
11
United States, Department of Defense, U.S. Southern Command, "PKO
North 02 El Salvador," Slideshow document, July 2002.
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