|
Program
description / Law
| FMF by country
| Program
description |
Law |
| The
Foreign Military Financing (FMF) program provides grants and loans
to help countries purchase U.S.-produced weapons, defense equipment,
defense services and military training. FMF funds purchases made through
the Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
program, which manages government-to-government sales. On a much less
frequent basis, FMF also funds purchases made through the Direct Commercial
Sales (DCS)
program, which oversees sales between foreign governments and private
U.S. companies. FMF does not provide cash grants to other countries;
it generally pays for sales of specific goods or services through
FMS or DCS. The
State Department's Bureau of Political-Military Affairs sets policy
for the FMF program, while the Defense Security Cooperation Agency
(DSCA),
within the Defense Department, manages it on a day-to-day basis.
Security Assistance Organizations (SAOs),
military personnel in U.S. embassies overseas, play a key role in
managing FMF within recipient countries. Some FMF pays for SAO salaries
and operational costs. Congress appropriates funds for FMF through
the yearly Foreign Operations Appropriations Act.
FMF
exists primarily to fund arms transfers, as military training is
normally granted through the International Military Education and
Training (IMET)
program. However, FMF does support a good deal of training. According
to the State and Defense Departments' Foreign Military Training
Report (FMTR),
FMF funded the training of 1,905 Latin American security-force personnel
(out of 22,855 region-wide) in 2003.
During
the 1980s FMF was an important funding mechanism for U.S. military
assistance to Central America. In the 1990s use of FMF in Latin
America was minimal. FMF for Latin America is now rising dramatically.
In 2001, $4.9 million was provided to seven Latin American countries.
The Bush Administration gave $119.6 million in FMF to fourteen countries
(plus an Eastern Caribbean regional fund) in 2004. The largest share,
$98.45 million for Colombia, supports protection of an oil pipeline
and an anti-guerrilla military offensive known as "Plan Patriota,"
among other initiatives.
In
2006, FMF funded the launch of "Operation Enduring Friendship,"
a naval cooperation program that the Bush Administration has carried
out in the Caribbean.
FMF
to several Latin American countries has been frozen by the American
Servicemembers' Protection Act. |
The
FMF program is authorized by sections 23 and 24 of the Arms Export
Control Act (P.L. 90-269, or the AECA), as amended. In order to receive
assistance through FMF, countries must meet all the eligibility
requirements contained in the Foreign Assistance Act and the Arms
Export Control Act. Reports
Section
634 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195, or the "FAA"),
as amended, requires that yearly congressional presentation documents
provide amounts of FMF:
- Obligated
to each country in the past fiscal year;
- Planned
for the current fiscal year; and
- Proposed
for the following fiscal year.
|
FMF
recipients by country
2005-2008:
| Country |
|
|
|
2008
Request [11] |
Antigua
and Barbuda |
|
|
|
|
| Argentina |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Bahamas |
99,000 |
99,000 |
99,000 |
0 |
| Barbados |
|
|
|
|
| Belize |
698,000 |
198,000 |
198,000 |
0 |
| Bolivia |
0 |
990,000 |
|
|
| Brazil |
|
|
|
|
| Caribbean
Regional |
|
|
|
|
| Central
America Regional |
|
|
|
|
| Chile |
495,000 |
592,000 |
592,000 |
0 |
| Colombia |
99,200,000 |
89,100,000 |
89,100,000 |
78,000,000 |
| Costa
Rica |
|
|
|
|
| Dominica |
|
|
|
|
| Dominican
Republic |
992,000 |
941,000 |
941,000 |
0 |
| Eastern
Caribbean Regional |
1,113,000 |
905,000 |
905,000 |
0 |
| Ecuador |
0 |
495,000 |
495,000 |
0 |
| El
Salvador |
1,488,000 |
9,900,000 |
5,500,000 |
4,800,000 |
| Grenada |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Guatemala |
|
|
|
|
| Guyana |
99,000 |
99,000 |
99,000 |
0 |
| Haiti |
297,000 |
988,000 |
988,000 |
0 |
| Honduras |
1,492,000 |
891,000 |
891,000 |
0 |
| Jamaica |
595,000 |
594,000 |
594,000 |
0 |
| Mexico |
|
|
|
|
| Nicaragua |
496,000 |
594,000 |
594,000 |
0 |
| Panama |
992,000 |
990,000 |
990,000 |
0 |
| Paraguay |
|
|
|
|
| Peru |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| South
America Regional |
|
|
|
|
| St.
Kitts and Nevis |
|
|
|
|
| St.
Lucia |
|
|
|
|
| St.
Vincent and the Grenadines |
|
|
|
|
| Suriname |
99,000 |
99,000 |
99,000 |
0 |
| Trinidad
and Tobago |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Uruguay |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Venezuela |
|
|
|
|
| Western
Hemisphere Regional |
|
0 |
3,960,000 |
0 |
| Operation Enduring Friendship |
0 |
3,960,000 |
0 |
0 |
| Total |
108,155,000 |
109,950,000 |
109,950,000 |
82,800,000 |
2000-2004:
| Country |
|
|
|
|
|
| Antigua
and Barbuda |
|
|
|
|
|
| Argentina |
450,000 |
998,000 |
1,000,000 |
1,990,000 |
0 |
| Bahamas |
50,000 |
139,000 |
100,000 |
90,000 |
99,000 |
| Barbados |
|
|
|
|
|
| Belize |
100,000 |
200,000 |
200,000 |
290,000 |
191,000 |
| Bolivia |
0 |
0 |
500,000 |
1,990,000 |
3,976,000 |
| Brazil |
|
|
|
|
|
| Caribbean
Regional |
|
|
|
|
|
| Central
America Regional |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chile |
278,671 |
0 |
500,000 |
990,000 |
347,000 |
| Colombia |
24,524 |
0 |
0 |
17,100,000 |
98,450,000 |
| Costa
Rica |
|
|
|
|
|
| Dominica |
|
|
|
|
|
| Dominican
Republic |
400,000 |
649,000 |
350,000 |
300,000 |
2,000,000 |
| Eastern
Caribbean Regional |
1,300,000 |
1,996,000 |
2,000,000 |
782,000 |
3,137,000 |
| Ecuador |
0 |
0 |
3,000,000 |
990,000 |
0 |
| El
Salvador |
104,185 |
0 |
1,000,000 |
2,480,000 |
5,000,000 |
| Grenada |
47,000 |
70,000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Guatemala |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guyana |
100,000 |
124,000 |
200,000 |
390,000 |
95,000 |
| Haiti |
300,000 |
0 |
300,000 |
390,000 |
295,000 |
| Honduras |
5,320 |
0 |
0 |
168,000 |
2,375,000 |
| Jamaica |
500,000 |
584,000 |
600,000 |
690,000 |
597,000 |
| Mexico |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nicaragua |
0 |
0 |
500,000 |
1,000,000 |
938,000 |
| Panama |
0 |
0 |
0 |
990,000 |
2,000,000 |
| Paraguay |
|
|
|
|
|
| Peru |
0 |
0 |
0 |
990,000 |
0 |
| South
America Regional |
|
|
|
|
|
| St.
Kitts and Nevis |
|
|
|
|
|
| St.
Lucia |
|
|
|
|
|
| St.
Vincent and the Grenadines |
|
|
|
|
|
| Suriname |
0 |
0 |
150,000 |
240,000 |
114,000 |
| Trinidad
and Tobago |
250,000 |
300,000 |
300,000 |
390,000 |
0 |
| Uruguay |
4,602 |
0 |
1,000,000 |
990,000 |
0 |
| Venezuela |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western
Hemisphere Regional |
|
|
|
|
|
| Operation Enduring Friendship |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Total |
3,914,302 |
5,060,000 |
11,700,000 |
33,240,000 |
119,614,000 |
1996-1999:
| Country |
1996
[1] |
1997
[1,
6]
|
1998
[2] |
1999
[3] |
| Antigua and
Barbuda |
50,000 |
225,000 |
310,000 |
410,000 |
| Argentina |
0 |
0 |
1,250,000 |
1,850,000 |
| Bahamas |
75,000 |
75,000 |
140,000 |
130,000 |
| Barbados |
200,000 |
100,000 |
75,000 |
75,000 |
| Belize |
75,000 |
75,000 |
100,000 |
100,000 |
| Bolivia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
17,253 |
| Chile |
0 |
0 |
300,000 |
400,000 |
| Colombia |
0 |
Up
to $30,000,000 |
0 |
440,788 |
| Dominica |
50,000 |
100,000 |
115,000 |
145,000 |
| Dominican
Republic |
0 |
100,000 |
225,000 |
396,961 |
| Ecuador |
0 |
0 |
0 |
79,068 |
| El
Salvador |
0 |
0 |
0 |
42,999 |
| Grenada |
350,000 |
100,000 |
145,000 |
190,000 |
| Guyana |
75,000 |
0 |
100,000 |
100,000 |
| Haiti |
0 |
225,000 |
650,000 |
390,000 |
| Honduras |
0 |
0 |
0 |
116,884 |
| Jamaica |
600,000 |
415,000 |
450,000 |
475,000 |
| Nicaragua |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Panama |
0 |
0 |
0 |
595,036 |
| Peru |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| St. Kitts
and Nevis |
50,000 |
100,000 |
130,000 |
155,000 |
| St. Lucia |
50,000 |
100,000 |
160,000 |
195,000 |
| St. Vincent
and the Grenadines |
50,000 |
100,000 |
110,000 |
130,000 |
| Suriname |
75,000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Trinidad
and Tobago |
300,000 |
285,000 |
290,000 |
225,000 |
| Uruguay |
0 |
0 |
800,000 |
800,000 |
| Total |
2,000,000 |
Up
to $32,000,000 |
5,350,000 |
7,558,989 |
Sources:
1
United States, Department of State, Office of Resources, Plans and Policy,
Congressional Presentation for Foreign Operations, Fiscal Year 1999
(Washington: March 1998): 470-1, 999.
United States,
Department of Defense, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, DSCA (Facts
Book) -- Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales and
Military Assistance Facts, (Washington: September 30, 1999) <http://web.deskbook.osd.mil/reflib/DDOD/001EN/001ENdoc.htm>.
2
United States, Department of State, Office of Resources, Plans and Policy,
Congressional Presentation for Foreign Operations, Fiscal Year 2000
(Washington: March 1999): 1114.
United States,
Department of Defense, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, DSCA (Facts
Book) -- Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales and
Military Assistance Facts, (Washington: September 30, 1999) <http://web.deskbook.osd.mil/reflib/DDOD/001EN/001ENdoc.htm>.
3
United States, Department of State, Office of Resources, Plans and Policy,
Congressional Presentation for Foreign Operations, Fiscal Year 2001
(Washington: March 2000). <http://www.state.gov/www/budget/fy2001/fn150/forops_full/150fy01_fo_military-asst.html>.
United
States, Department of Defense, Department of State, Foreign Military
Training and DoD Engagement Activities of Interest in Fiscal Years 1999
and 2000: A Report to Congress (Washington: March 2000) <http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/fmtrain/toc.html>.
United States,
Department of Defense, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, DSCA (Facts
Book) -- Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales and
Military Assistance Facts, (Washington: September 30, 1999) <http://web.deskbook.osd.mil/reflib/DDOD/001EN/001ENdoc.htm>.
4
United States, Department of State, Office of Resources, Plans and Policy,
FY2002 International Affairs (Function 150) Budget Request (Washington:
April 9, 2001) <http://www.state.gov/s/rpp/rls/iab/>.
United States,
Department of State, Department of Defense, Foreign Military Training
and DoD Engagement Activities of Interest In Fiscal years 2000 and 2001,
Volume I (Washington: March 2001) <http://www.state.gov/t/pm/rls/rpt/2001/fmtrpt/>.
United States,
Department of State, Office of Resources, Plans and Policy, Congressional
Presentation for Foreign Operations, Fiscal Year 2002 (Washington:
April 2001) <http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/3961.pdf>.
5
United States, Department of State, FY 2003 Congressional Budget Justification
for Foreign Operations (Washington, DC: Department of State, April 15,
2002) <http://www.state.gov/m/rm/rls/cbj/2003/>.
6
Colombia 1997 figure: United States, General Accounting Office, "Drug
Control: U.S. Counternarcotics Efforts in Colombia Face Continuing Challenges,"
GAO/NSIAD-98-60 (Washington: GAO, February 12, 1998) <http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=waisback.access.gpo.gov&filename=ns98060.txt&directory=/diskb/wais/data/gao>.
7
United States, Department of State, FY 2004 Congressional Budget Justification
for Foreign Operations (Washington, DC: Department of State, February
2003) <http://www.state.gov/m/rm/rls/cbj/2004/>.
8
United States, Department of State, FY 2005 Congressional Budget Justification
for Foreign Operations (Washington, DC: Department of State, February
2004) <http://www.state.gov/m/rm/rls/cbj/2005/>.
9
United States, Department of State, FY 2006 Congressional Budget Justification
for Foreign Operations (Washington, DC: Department of State, February
2005) <http://www.state.gov/m/rm/rls/cbj/2006/>.
10
United States, Department of State, Fiscal Year 2007 International
Affairs (Function 150) Budget Request Summary and Highlights (Washington:
Department of State, February 2006) <http://www.state.gov/s/d/rm/rls/iab/2007/>.
11
United States, Department of State, FY 2008 Congressional Budget Justification
for Foreign Operations (Washington: Department of State, February
2007) <http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/80701.pdf>.
|
